What are the factors that affect the cutting speed, depth and feed rate of CNC lathe tools?

CNC lathes can be equipped with multi-station turrets or dynamic turrets, which have a wide range of processing performance, and can process linear cylinders, oblique cylinders, arcs and various threads, grooves, worms and other complex workpieces, with linear interpolation, circular Arc interpolation has various compensation functions, and has played a good economical effect in the mass production of complex parts. CNC lathes must determine the cutting amount of each process when programming. When selecting the cutting amount, we must fully consider various factors affecting the cutting, correctly select the cutting conditions, and reasonably determine the cutting amount, which can effectively improve the machining quality and output.

The conditions that generally affect the cutting speed, depth and feed rate include the rigidity of the machine tool, tool, tool and workpiece; cutting speed, depth of cut, cutting feed rate; workpiece accuracy and surface roughness; tool life expectancy and maximum productivity; cutting fluid type, cooling method; hardness and heat treatment condition of workpiece material; number of workpieces; life of machine tool.

Depending on the tool material, the maximum allowable cutting speed is also different. The high temperature resistant cutting speed of high-speed steel tools is less than 50m/min, the high temperature resistant cutting speed of carbide tools can reach more than 100m/min, and the high temperature resistant cutting speed of ceramic tools can be as high as 1000m/min. Workpiece material. The hardness of the workpiece material will affect the cutting speed of the tool. When the same tool processes hard materials, the cutting speed should be reduced, and when processing soft materials, the cutting speed can be increased. Tool life. If the tool service time (life) is required to be long, a lower cutting speed should be used. Conversely, higher cutting speeds can be used. Depth of cut and feed. The cutting depth and feed amount are large, the cutting resistance is also large, and the cutting heat will increase, so the cutting speed should be reduced. The shape of the tool. The shape of the tool, the size of the angle, and the sharpness of the cutting edge will affect the selection of the cutting speed.

Among the above factors, the cutting speed, cutting depth and cutting feed rate of CNC lathe tools are the main factors. The cutting speed directly affects the cutting efficiency. If the cutting speed is too low, the cutting time will be prolonged, and the tool cannot perform its function; if the cutting speed is too fast, although the cutting time can be shortened, the tool is prone to generate high heat, which affects the life of the tool. Among the factors that affect the cutting speed, the influence of the tool material is the most important. The cutting depth is mainly restricted by the rigidity of the machine tool. When the rigidity of the machine tool allows, the cutting depth should be as large as possible. If it is not limited by the machining accuracy, the cutting depth can be equal to the machining allowance of the part.