Structural characteristics of non-standard tools

The structure of the working part of the non-standard tool has three types: integral type, welding type and mechanical clamping type. The overall structure is to make a cutting edge on the cutter body; the welding structure is to braze the blade to the steel cutter body; there are two types of mechanical clamping structures, one is to clamp the blade to the cutter body, and the other is to clamp the blade to the cutter body. It is to clamp the brazed cutter head on the cutter body. Carbide non-standard tools are generally made of welded structure or mechanical clamping structure; porcelain non-standard tools are mechanically clamped. The structure of various non-standard tools is composed of clamping part and working part. The clamping part and the working part of the non-standard tool with the overall structure are all done on the tool body; the working part (the tooth or blade) of the non-standard tool with the insert tooth structure is inserted on the tool body.

The working part of the non-standard tool is the part that generates and processes chips, including the cutting edge, the structure that breaks or rolls up the chips, the space for chip removal or storage, and the passage of cutting fluid. The working part of some non-standard tools is the cutting part, such as turning tools, planers, boring tools and milling cutters; , inner surface broach and tap, etc. The function of the cutting part is to remove chips with the cutting edge, and the function of the calibration part is to polish the machined surface that has been cut and guide non-standard tools.

There are two types of clamping parts for non-standard tools: with holes and shanks. Non-standard tools with holes rely on the inner hole to be fitted on the main shaft or spindle of the machine tool, and transmit torsional moment by means of axial keys or end face keys, such as cylindrical milling cutters, sleeve face milling cutters, etc. Non-standard tools with shanks usually have three types: rectangular shank, cylindrical shank and conical shank. Turning knives, planing knives, etc. are generally rectangular shanks; the taper of the conical shank bears the axial thrust and transmits torque by means of friction; the cylindrical shank is generally suitable for smaller twist drills, end mills and other non-standard tools, which can be clamped when cutting. The resulting frictional force transmits the torsional moment. The handle of many non-standard knives with handles is made of low-alloy steel, and the working part is made of high-speed steel to butt-weld the two parts.